Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal And Homes - 11892 Words

22 Michael Levin 1 Introduction This essay defends the view that homosexuality is abnormal and hence undesirable - not because it is immoral or sinful, or because it weakens society or hampers evolutionary development, but for a purely mechanical reason. It is a misuse of bodily parts. Clear empirical sense attaches to the idea of the use of such bodily parts as genitals, the idea that they are for something, and consequently to the idea of their misuse. I argue on grounds involving natural selection that misuse of bodily parts can with high probability be connected to unhappiness. I regard these matters as prolegomena to such policy issues as the rights of homosexuals, the rights of those desiring not to associate with homosexuals, and†¦show more content†¦Homosexuality is likely to cause unhappiness because it leaves unfulfilled an innate and innately rewarding desire. And should the reader s environmentalism threaten to get the upper hand, let me remind him again of an unproblematic case. Lack of exerci se is bad and even abnormal not only because it is unhealthy but also because one feels poorly without regular exercise. Nature made exercise rewarding because, until recently, we had to exercise to survive. Creatures who found running after game unrewarding were eliminated. Laziness leaves unreaped the rewards nature has planted in exercise, even if the lazy man cannot tell this introspectively. If this is a correct description of the place of exercise in human life, it is by the same token a correct description of the place of heterosexuality. It hardly needs saying, but perhaps I should say it anyway, that this argument concerns tendencies and probabilities. Generalizations about human affairs being notoriously true by and large and for the most part only, saying that homosexuals are bound to be less happy than heterosexuals must be understood as short for Not coincidentally, a larger proportion of homosexuals will be unhappy than a corresponding selection of the heterosexual population. There are, after all, genuinely jolly fat men. To say that laziness leads to adverse affective consequences means that, because of our evolutionary history,Show MoreRelatedWhy Are We Still Focused On Prochoice And Gay Rights?1602 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"abnormality† in both sexual desire and gender expression. In today’s society we are still focusing on what is normal or what is abnormal. In early times being deemed abnormal was a fatal punishable crime. Luckily today citizens such as homosexuals and women who abort babies are not getting punish such as death or jail time for making a personal lifestyle â€Å"choice†. Why are we still focusing on prochoice and gay rights? In this essay I will focus on prochoice today verse the nineteenth century andRead MoreEssay on Homosexuality in Hong Kong1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the last decade, the issue of homosexuality has been widely discussed and known in Hong Kong. People have more opportunities to approach the word `homosexuality in their daily life through literatures, movies and occasional news revealing celebrities homosexual behaviors. Simultaneously there has also been significant growth in commercial venues such as restaurants and bars, catering to gays and lesbians. In short, the social context of Hong Kong and the attitudes gays and lesbiansRead MoreHomosexuality Is Defined As Sexual Desire Or Behavior936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Homosexuality hasn’t been discovered recently. It has been common in our world since ancient times and still exists today.† (K.J .Dover,n.d.). It’s in the nature of an individual to be a homosexual, something that cannot be changed no matter how much you persuade or force them. People have different attitudes towards homosexuality; some are tolerant about it while others can’t stand t he mere fact to see them around. This essay is going to define and briefly discuss homosexuality and how our societyRead MoreThemes Of Sexuality And Marriage Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagesthat both constrains heterosexual and homosexual practising men and women in middle-class society through the creation of prescribed gender traits. Which white middle-class men and women should participate in and adhere to to avoid being seen as an ‘abnormal’ sexual deviant as opposed to the budding normalisation of heterosexual practices as biologically ‘natural’. PARA 1: - Biological to Psychological Sexual Deviancies After World War I, gender roles were beginning to shift as women were allowedRead MoreIs Homosexuality A Mental Disorder?1500 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality has been one of the most controversial subjects around the world for thousands of years. Being a homosexual has been seen as taboo, morally wrong, and just abnormal. Scientists have questioned the mental health status of those who proclaim themselves as being homosexual, and have even gone as far to say that homosexuality is a mental disorder. Until 1974, being homosexual was deemed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a mental illness, and classifiedRead More Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Homosexuality and the Media1555 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexuality and the Media      Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many different aspects of life that Americans are exposed to on television each day. Some examples are things such as violence, sex and alcohol and in todays more accepting society, the issue of alternative lifestyles. This issue was not as predominant ten years ago as it is today. Yes, for many years there have been sexual undertones in many popular television shows or movies, but it was not until recently that these actors and actresses were actuallyRead MoreCauses and Factors of Homosexuality Essay603 Words   |  3 Pagescompletely accepted and approved by society. The world regards them as abnormal; the Bible defines being homosexual as a sin. The homosexuals have been fighting for their right of being treated equally for many years, and so have some others who support and embrace ones who have different sexuality. Their only aspiration is to prove to the world that homosexuality is not a sin. There’s a great deal of factors resulting in homosexua lity. And they all demonstrate that there’s nothing wrong with being aRead MoreMichael Levin Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal5240 Words   |  21 PagesMichael Levin I Introduction This essay defends the view that homosexuality is abnormal and hence undesirable - not because it is immoral or sinful, or because it weakens society or hampers evolutionary development, but for a purely mechanical reason. It is a misuse of bodily parts. Clear empirical sense attaches to the idea of  ¡he use of such bodily parts as genitals, the idea that they *efor some- thing, and consequently to the idea of their misuse. I argue on grounds involving natural selectionRead MoreHomosexuality And The Modern Day Civil Rights Movement1701 Words   |  7 PagesEverybody has their own reservations on homosexuality and the laws regarding homesexuality. Many people think of homosexuality as unnatural or a choice people make. There is also research being done to discover a gay gene to link homosexuality to birth. It is even considered that the battle for gay rights is the modern day civil rights movement. Just like in the 1960’s with African Americans, the government has began to regulate the personal lives of those who are openly homesexual. It is becomingRead MoreSexuality and Gender: Foucaults Construction of Sexuality1458 Words   |  6 Pagessexuality According to Foucaults theory of sexuality, both heterosexuality and homosexuality are constructs, rather than are ideas that are innately part of the individuals genetic makeup or sexuality. Before the 19th century mania for classifying persons and documenting medical disorders, there were only homosexual acts. Now, there are homosexual persons because of the medicalization of the language of homosexuality. Heterosexuality was also created as the mirror-image of heterosexuality. However

Improve Inventory Management To Support Maintenance...

BACKGROUND Material management is one of the main components in the management of all types of companies. Material management plays an important role in supporting the companys performance, which relates to customer satisfaction, cost of production and financial performance. Ruauw (2011) stated that the raw materials required should be sufficient available so as to ensure smooth production. However, should the quantity of inventory it should not be too large so that capital tied up in inventory and costs. Meanwhile the inventory is not too big and not too small anyway because can slow down the production process. Failure materials inventory control default will cause a failure in obtaining profit. It is important for every company held†¦show more content†¦In the company’s operational, PJB managing several resources, one of them is management of materials. To obtain the company’s goal, in the material management operations, currently PJB uses the ABC Analysis method to co ntrol the inventory that has been conducted since 2007. PROBLEM FORMULATION Abuhilal (2006) stated that the ultimate goal of inventory management is giving satisfaction to the customers need at the lowest price. There are two types of customer, internal customer and external customer. In company’s operation, PJB only has internal customers of inventory management, there is maintenance division. The key performance indicator of customer satisfaction is determined as a number Work Order which delayed which caused by unavailable spare part. According to the CEO decree, now PJB using three classification stock keeping unit to maintain more than 30.000 item of materials. The first classification is the impact of material to power plant operation, then the lead time of delivery and the last classification is about usage value every year (price multiplied by demand value). The stock keeping unit is classified and managed into three criteria. Then, by applying those classification the inventory manager develop policy to keep inventory in optimum level. Based on company statistic on 2008-2012, the cost of material to support a maintenance program show an increasing. Only on 2011, show a decreasing because theShow MoreRelated Riordan Manufacturing MRP Evaluation Project Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesexpand by reducing the inventory cost of raw materials and finished goods. Riordan currently has a legacy MRP Information System (IS) in place, and this project provides an excellent opportunity to upgrade the infrastructure to allow for a more cost-efficient way to track inventory. Goals of the Project Riordan would like to develop or acquire an MRP system that will track and manage raw materials and finished product inventory across all plants to help ensure reduced inventory costs throughout theRead MoreBoeing Strategic Plan1096 Words   |  5 Pageshas adopted a process-based approach to quality management that documents and implements a QMS compliant with all company, customer, statutory, and regulatory requirements. The QMS is maintained through Management Review. Boeing focuses on six areas of emphasis required for Quality Management System: Internal Audits Control of Nonconforming Product Corrective Preventative Action Control of Documents Control of Records and a Quality Management System Boeings uses a rigorous set of approvedRead MoreSap Does Not Support The Airport Cmms Functional Requirements1694 Words   |  7 Pages Conclusions As it is implemented today, SAP does not support the Airport CMMS Functional Requirements. However, many of the deficiencies are not software capability issues per se but rather process, configuration, and training issues associated with how the system was implemented. The current implementation is driven by the processes and business rules that have been defined and configured to date. As it specifically relates to PM, it appears the approach and initial attempts to implementRead MoreSupply Improvement Will Position Eagle Pipe1705 Words   |  7 PagesConstant improvement will position Eagle Pipe as a next generation full-service distributor and exploration support company. To retain and expand Eagle Pipe markets, the firm should strive for improvements in software and implementation to place the corporation resiliently with existing customer and attract new accounts. Investing in an enterprise level application that functions for large companies and small businesses alike, will give Eagle Pipe the correct platform for limitless scalability.Read MoreManaging And Maintai n Plant Assets1443 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect costs and a firm’s ability to deliver. Within the broader lean process improvement philosophy, total productive maintenance (TPM) is a proactive concept to manage and maintain plant assets. The goal of TPM is to decrease or mitigate equipment downtime and optimize its availability, reliability, and cost. With a variety of tools and techniques, TPM focuses on lifecycle maintenance practices and processes to minimize breakdowns, work stoppages, and reduced efficiency. The curiosity in this conceptRead MoreThe Size Of Utilities Services Inc Gives Them The Distinctive1677 Words   |  7 Pagesany type of utility related contract. Outside of tree trimming (which the company refers to as â€Å"vegetation management†), we have companies that work in construction with utility lines, sewers, stoplights, and more. In the past year, they have entered into landscaping through the purchase of multiple companies through the United States and are planning a move into snow and ice management (i.e. salt and plow the roads). Due to their size, we often find our companies bidding against each other forRead MoreDevelopment Of Practice Management Software Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesthe field, especially practice management. The development of practice management software allows financial and medical data, staff and patient scheduling, inventory, and other information to be easily created, stored, and analyzed (Downing, Sirois, Thomas, 2016). There are many software programs available today with a large variety in price and features. Finding the right software for a practice requires time and an in depth comparison of the different programs on the market. VIA InformationRead MoreEssay on Describe at least two benefits if using enterprise systems.916 Words   |  4 Pagesaccounting, investment management, materials management, production planning, plant maintenance, and human resources that allow data to be used by multiple functions and business processes. Enterprise systems also commonly known as ES are comprehensive, large scale application-software packages, which support processes, reporting, data analysis and information flows. The common central database collects data from and feeds the data into numerous applications that can support nearly all of anRead MoreBusiness And Expanding Umuc Haircut Shop1234 Words   |  5 Pagesable to compete with the growing community where bigger and better hair salons are expanding in her neighborhood. 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Australian Real Interest Household Savings -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Real Interest Household Savings? Answer: Intoduction In this chapter the research will discuss various issue relating to data used for the research. The discussion under this chapter will include the design, data collection and interpretation. This research utilized secondary data as data collection method in order to arrive at the study objectives. The research design is the blueprint of data collection procedure which is crucial in obtaining the required research information. The researcher used secondary data to complete the study. The data was downloaded online form the government accessible portal and analyzed. The data collected to be used in this study is by the means of secondary data. According to previous studies, secondary data is that data collected for a study but is purposed for more than one problem at hand (Girouard, Kennedy Andre, 2006). This type of data can be located as soon as it is required, it is less expensive and obtained in already existing sources such government portals. The data analyzed in this study was obtained accounting government portal in relation to household expenditure survey. The rate of interest as well as consumer behavior in Australia are all in the government portal (Lardy, 2016). Data Analysis The researcher employed qualitative analysis on the obtained data, this method is suitable for analysis of all type of data and can perform variety of data analysis and presentation functions. This method of analysis helped the researcher to analyze the already obtained data to identify the relationship and the impact of interest rate on household saving. GANTT CHART: TASK Week one Week two Week 3 1.Researching and Introduction and 2.Literature Review and Methodology 3.Findings, Analysis, Discussion and Conclusion Deliverables and Milestone The issue of household saving behavior and rate of interest has been analyzed in this study together with its determinants via the use of what is regarded as increasingly appropriate measure: household saving as a proportion of disposal income of the household. Generally, the findings demonstrate that demographic factors, borrowing constraints, durable goods consumption, and real interest rate remained key variables (explanatory) (Bhutta Keys, 2016). Some people can attribute a rise in real rates of interest to swifter economic growth in future, and, hence decrease their savings whereas other individual can attribute policy of interest rate interventions to surged economic uncertainty/confusion, and, hence surge savings (Kiley, 2015). Therefore, even where savings remains inherently reactive to alterations in real rates of interest, this relationship might be concealed by the existence of expectations and beliefs mentioned above. The latest increased as well as stabilization in the savings by the households show positive implication from the viewpoint of the financial stability. It is discovered that there is a reciprocal relationship between interest rate and the savings. Right from the GFC, the surge in the household savings, alongside to a lesser degree, the increase in the corporate savings, is a compensation for the latest budget deficits (Thwaites, 2015). Gross National savings as a proportion of the GDP has endured its rising trend despite the successive budget surplus termination, and stays currently around twenty-five percent, its all-time high since the 1980s (late). Such higher levels of the national savings, primarily resulted from household sector, and remained funded substantial levels of the local investment in the course of mining-boom, decreasing the resilience of Australia on the foreign funds as well as the global credit markets (Debelle, 2004). Moreover, the latest behavioral patterns in h ousehold sector have led to the greater financial stability via the facilitation of the more reliable funding flows for the banking sector. Households borrowing stood moderated hence easing the funding weight, and have further shifted towards making safer bank deposit investments. In the year 2008, deposits denoted forty percent of the whole liabilities for banks, however, it is has surged to 53 percent. Nevertheless, despite the higher local source of funds, bank remain firmly depend on foreign funds, and endure to manage such risk to financial stability (Eichengreen, 2015). The other risk to financial middlemen, as IMF has suggested in its assessment of financial stability, is the economic shock occurrence arising from the accelerated unemployment whereas present household debt remains high and prices of household stay surged. However, this specific risk remained less of concern as greater household saving offer a financial buffer for them to resort to incase necessary (Carvalho, Ferrero Nechio, 2016). Moreover, households remained focused on the debt repayment and they are approximated to be about twenty month-worth debt repayments ahead of the schedule. Household liabilities expressed as a proportion of disposable income remained barely altered since year 2007 (Agnor Montiel, 2015). This debt-income moderations is explained in the latest Household Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia survey via the gradual borrowing as well as household maximizing on the lower rates of interest repay debt. Such factors in household segment stay a key concern ratio nale behind the anticipations of the continuing Australias financial stability (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). Discussion The rebound of household savings has been witnessed in the recent past. Household savings ratio started a novel ascending trend in the course of mid-2000s and accelerated drastically following the GFC. Patterns in the income and consumption growth explicates this rebound (Svanholm Persson, 2017). Between 1995 and 2005, when there was a declining household savings, the growth in consumption stood swifter than that of income. However, after the mid-2000s, the nominal household income grew firmly at the yearly rate of 7-30 percent on average (Webb Martin, 2017). Such has outstripped nominal household consumption of the 5.40 percent on average every year between the years 2004 and 2008, and lower growth of consumption. The disposable income growth denotes boom based on trade, a measure of prices of exports compared to that of import. Between years 2003 and 2008, the growth surged nearly ten percent on average per year and hit its all-time high point in the course of 2011, primarily as a result of mining boom alongside soaring related prices (Carvalho, Ferrero Nechio, 2016). It is suggested that the surge on the basis of trade was viewed as being temporary and hence in reaction, households surged savings to permit a smoothing consumption. The idea of accomplishing a smooth consumption levels over the lifetime to maintain the standards of living remains broadly accepted as a core inspiration for savings and explicates why the household savings trends alter with transitory changes in income. Simultaneously, the decline in consumption lately has taken place against the GFC backdrop, and escalated consumer uncertainty. A huge rise in precautionary saving remains evident between 2008 and 2009 in such countries as Australia, the US, UK and Spain where the government debt and unemployment have substantially surged whereas household wealth declined (Callen Thimann, 2007). Such a trend remained quite observable in certain but not all the OECD nations and to varying extents. The comparability between countries remains undermined by the substantial approximation errors engaged in the determination of disposable income of the household alongside the consumption spending, besides the institutional variations in how old-age pensions alongside additional social safety nets remained funded (Harris, Loundes, Webster, 2002). Like much the advanced economies, Australian household wealth fell briefly after the GFC due to a decline in the prices of assets (King Low, 2014). Persistence uncertainty of the consumer has inspired households hence building up enormous financial buffers as a precautionary measure against the upcoming unanticipated setbacks (Lardy, 2016). Moreover, attitudes of households towards debt have since altered as witnessed in the borrowing moderation (Carvalho, Ferrero Nechio, 2016). From year 2007, the credit growth of household has remained at its all-time lowest in twenty years, averaging 5.50 percent per annum. Because the saving ratio of households has reverted to its all-time high level in twenty years, it has subsequently, stabilized around ten percent to be align more to past averages (Bloom, Canning Graham, 2003). This displays a revert to normal savings levels following years of household transitioning to greater levels of debt after the deregulation as well as declining rate s of interest. Conclusion The real rate of interest performs various roles via which its impacts the economic decisions as well as affects the economic growth rate. Foremost amongst such functions remains the impact on allocation of income between future and current consumption by the households (Teulings Baldwin, 2014). Because intertemporal decisions have effects on growth of economy, research has been undertaken to consider the nature and significance of rate of interest policies in both developed and developing countries (Eichengreen, 2015). Still, lack of consensuses persists on the impacts of rate of interest and associated policies on significant macroeconomic factors. Specifically, the connection between rate of interest and one of such variables-saving rate (Basu Bundick, 2017). The responsiveness of interest rate to saving precisely remains a parameter of vital significance in macroeconomics. It is core to a host of queries from monetary policy effectiveness to influence of government spending cha nges. If the rate of interest do impact household savings decisions, there a direct relationship between both fiscal and monetary and economic performance exist (McKay, Nakamura Steinsson, 2016). The sudden revert of the household saving to the past levels denotes the households reassessment of the finances following an era of the transitioning to greater indebtedness in the context of declining rate of interest, deregulation as well as sensibly firm economic fundamentals (Rachel Smith, 2015). The patterns/trends in the savings as well as consumption endure to have great implications for the monetary, fiscal as well as macroeconomic policies (Gust, Herbst, Lpez-Salido Smith, 2017). However, as the growth of economy has growingly focused on the mining resources instead of the household consumption, policies decisions about macroeconomics have remained more reliant on the export sector (Blanchard, Furceri Pescatori, 2014). Ultimately, as the moderation of borrowing continues, escalated saving by the household have stood central to the provision of the greater fund source for the local investment hence overall financial stability of Australia is improved. References Agnor, P. R., Montiel, P. J. (2015).Development macroeconomics. Princeton University Press. Basu, S., Bundick, B. (2017). Uncertainty shocks in a model of effective demand.Econometrica,85(3), 937-958. Bhutta, N., Keys, B. J. (2016). Interest rates and equity extraction during the housing boom.American Economic Review,106(7), 1742-74. Forrest, R., Hirayama, Y. (2015). The financialisation of the social project: Embedded liberalism, neoliberalism and home ownership.Urban Studies,52(2), 233-244. Blanchard, O. J., Furceri, D., Pescatori, A. (2014). A prolonged period of low real interest rates?.Secular stagnation: facts, causes and cures, 101. Callen, T., Thimann, C. (2007). Empirical determinants of household saving: evidence from OECD countries. Carvalho, C., Ferrero, A., Nechio, F. (2016). Demographics and real interest rates: Inspecting the mechanism.European Economic Review,88, 208-226. Carvalho, C., Ferrero, A., Nechio, F. (2016). Demographics and real interest rates: Inspecting the mechanism.European Economic Review,88, 208-226. Carvalho, C., Ferrero, A., Nechio, F. (September 01, 2016). Demographics and real interest rates:Inspecting the mechanism. European Economic Review, 88, 208-226. Debelle, G. (2004). Household debt and the macroeconomy. Eichengreen, B. (2015). Secular stagnation: the long view.American Economic Review,105(5), 66-70. Eichengreen, B. (2015). Secular stagnation: the long view.American Economic Review,105(5), 66-70. Feldstein, M. S., Horioka, C. Y. (2009). Domestic savings and international capital flows. Girouard, N., Kennedy, M., Andre, C. (2006). Has the rise in debt made households more vulnerable?. Gust, C., Herbst, E., Lpez-Salido, D., Smith, M. E. (2017). The management implications of the interest-rate lower bound.American Economic Review,107(7), 1971-2006. Harris, M. N., Loundes, J., Webster, E. (2002). Determinants of household saving in Australia.Economic Record,78(241), 207-223. Harris, M. N., Loundes, J., Webster, E. (2012). Determinants of household saving in Australia. Economic Record, 78(241), 207-223. Isaksen, J., Kramp, P. L., Srensen, L. P., Srensen, S. V. (January 01, 2014). Household Balance Sheets and Debt: An International Country Study. In: Winkler B., Riet A.., Bull P. (eds) A Flow-of-Funds Perspective on the Financial Crisis. Palgrave Studies in Econmics and Banking. Palgrave Macmillan, London Kiley, M. T. (2015). What can the data tell us about the equilibrium real interest rate?. King, M., Low, D. (2014).Measuring the''world''real interest rate(No. w19887). National Bureau of Economic Research. Lardy, N. R. (2016). China: Toward a consumption-driven growth path. InSEEKING CHANGES: The Economic Development in Contemporary China(pp. 85-111). Lardy, N. R. (2016). China: Toward a consumption-driven growth path. InSEEKING CHANGES: The Economic Development in Contemporary China(pp. 85-111). McKay, A., Nakamura, E., Steinsson, J. (2016). The power of forward guidance revisited.American Economic Review,106(10), 3133-58. Rachel, L., Smith, T. (2015). Secular drivers of the global real interest rate. Rodrik, D. (May 01, 2009). The Real Exchange Rate and Economic Growth. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2008, 2, 365-440 Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Svanholm, D., Persson, J. (2017). Debt availability: The impact of repo-rate policy on household borrowing in Sweden: A study of the relationship between the nominal interest rate and the availability of debt for Swedish households. Teulings, C., Baldwin, R. (2014).Secular stagnation: Facts, causes, and curesa new Vox eBook(Vol. 15). Voxeu. Thwaites, G. (2015). Why are real interest rates so low? Secular stagnation and the relative price of investment goods. Webb, I., Martin, G. (2017).The effect of banking and insurance on the growth of capital and output. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/oberlin1354811060/inline